Overview
Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis producing red cells white cells and platelets within a supportive stromal niche. Marrow composition shifts from hematopoietic red marrow to fatty yellow marrow with age and disease. Marrow function is critical for systemic oxygen delivery immunity and hemostasis.
Marrow Compartments
Red marrow contains hematopoietic cells and vascular sinusoids while yellow marrow is rich in adipocytes. Marrow cellularity reflects physiologic and pathologic states such as anemia infiltration or marrow replacement. Imaging and biopsy assess marrow disorders.
Marrow Pathology
Marrow infiltration by malignancy infection or fibrosis alters hematopoiesis and systemic function. Aplastic anemia and myeloproliferative disorders impact cell production and require targeted therapy. MRI and nuclear medicine evaluate marrow distribution and activity.
Clinical Relevance
Bone marrow evaluation guides diagnosis of leukemia lymphoma metastatic disease and marrow failure. Biopsy cytogenetics and imaging inform prognosis and treatment selection. Supportive care and transplantation address marrow failure.