Overview
Cartilage provides smooth articulating surfaces shock absorption and structural support in joints and other tissues. Types include hyaline cartilage in articular surfaces elastic cartilage in the ear and fibrocartilage in intervertebral discs and menisci. Cartilage is avascular and relies on diffusion for nutrition.
Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage covers joint surfaces and distributes load while minimizing friction. Chondrocytes maintain extracellular matrix rich in collagen and proteoglycans. Degeneration leads to osteoarthritis and joint dysfunction.
Fibrocartilage and Repair
Fibrocartilage in menisci and discs resists shear and compressive forces and has limited healing capacity. Tears and degeneration impair joint mechanics and cause pain. Imaging MRI evaluates cartilage thickness defects and repair outcomes.
Clinical Relevance
Cartilage injury and degeneration are major causes of pain and disability. Conservative management surgical repair and biologic therapies aim to restore function. Early detection and targeted intervention improve joint preservation.