Overview
The nervous system coordinates sensation movement cognition and autonomic functions. It comprises the central nervous system the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system of nerves and ganglia. Neural networks transmit electrical and chemical signals for rapid communication.
Brain Structure
The brain includes the cerebrum cerebellum and brainstem with specialized cortical and subcortical regions. Gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies and white matter contains myelinated axons. Vascular supply and cerebrospinal fluid support metabolic needs and homeostasis.
Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves
The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and peripheral nerves and mediates reflexes. Peripheral nerves innervate muscles and sensory receptors throughout the body. Nerve roots and plexuses coordinate complex motor and sensory functions.
Clinical Relevance
Neurologic disorders include stroke tumors epilepsy and neurodegenerative disease. Neuroimaging MRI CT and functional studies aid diagnosis and surgical planning. Early intervention and rehabilitation improve functional outcomes.