Overview
The otic system includes the external middle and inner ear structures responsible for hearing and balance. The cochlea transduces sound while the vestibular apparatus senses head motion and orientation. Middle ear ossicles transmit sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.
External and Middle Ear
The external ear collects sound and the tympanic membrane vibrates in response to pressure waves. Ossicles amplify and convey vibrations to the oval window of the cochlea. Middle ear infections and effusions affect conduction and hearing.
Inner Ear and Vestibular Apparatus
The cochlea contains hair cells that convert mechanical vibrations into neural signals. The semicircular canals utricle and saccule detect angular and linear acceleration for balance. Imaging CT and MRI evaluate structural and inflammatory inner ear disease.
Clinical Relevance
Hearing loss tinnitus and vertigo arise from conductive or sensorineural pathology. Audiometry and imaging guide diagnosis and interventions such as hearing aids cochlear implants or vestibular therapy. Early evaluation improves rehabilitation outcomes.