Overview
The pelvic floor supports pelvic organs maintains continence and contributes to sexual function through a complex arrangement of muscles fascia and ligaments. It spans the pelvic outlet and integrates with abdominal and pelvic musculature. Dysfunction leads to prolapse incontinence and pelvic pain.
Muscular Components
Levator ani and coccygeus muscles form the primary muscular support with pubococcygeus iliococcygeus and puborectalis components. Pelvic floor tone and coordination are essential for continence and pelvic organ support. Imaging and dynamic studies assess function and defects.
Supportive Structures
Endopelvic fascia ligaments and connective tissue provide passive support to bladder uterus and rectum. Childbirth trauma surgery and aging weaken these supports leading to prolapse. Multimodal imaging guides surgical planning and conservative therapy.
Clinical Relevance
Pelvic floor disorders include urinary and fecal incontinence pelvic organ prolapse and chronic pelvic pain. Pelvic floor rehabilitation pessaries and reconstructive surgery address functional and structural issues. Multidisciplinary care optimizes outcomes.