Overview
Skin appendages include hair follicles nails sweat glands and sebaceous glands that contribute to protection thermoregulation and sensation. These structures arise from epidermal derivatives and interact with the immune system and microbiome. Appendage pathology affects appearance function and systemic health.
Hair and Follicles
Hair follicles cycle through growth regression and rest phases and are influenced by hormones and genetics. Disorders include alopecia hirsutism and folliculitis. Dermatologic and systemic evaluation identifies underlying causes.
Nails and Glands
Nails protect distal digits and reflect systemic disease while sweat and sebaceous glands regulate temperature and skin lubrication. Disorders include onychomycosis hyperhidrosis and acne. Clinical assessment and targeted therapy address functional and cosmetic concerns.
Clinical Relevance
Appendage disorders impact quality of life and may signal systemic disease. Dermatologic imaging and biopsy aid diagnosis and management. Multidisciplinary care addresses complex or refractory conditions.