Overview
The spleen filters blood removes senescent red cells and mounts immune responses to blood borne pathogens. It consists of red pulp for filtration and white pulp for lymphoid activity. Splenic size and function vary with hematologic and infectious conditions.
Splenic Architecture
Red pulp contains sinusoids and cords for erythrocyte processing and sequestration. White pulp contains periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths and follicles for immune activation. Vascular supply via the splenic artery supports high flow filtration.
Immune and Hematologic Roles
The spleen participates in antibody production and clearance of opsonized organisms. It stores platelets and can sequester blood cells in disease states. Splenic dysfunction predisposes to infection and hematologic complications.
Clinical Relevance
Splenomegaly trauma and infarction are common clinical issues requiring imaging evaluation. Ultrasound CT and MRI assess size lesions and vascular compromise. Splenectomy impacts immune function and requires vaccination and prophylaxis considerations.