Overview

Adrenal glands produce corticosteroids mineralocorticoids and catecholamines that regulate stress response metabolism and electrolyte balance. The cortex synthesizes cortisol and aldosterone while the medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. Adrenal pathology affects systemic homeostasis.

Cortical Zones

The adrenal cortex has zona glomerulosa fasciculata and reticularis producing aldosterone cortisol and androgens respectively. Enzymatic defects alter steroidogenesis and cause endocrine disorders. Imaging localizes adenomas hyperplasia and malignancy.

Medullary Function

The adrenal medulla contains chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines in response to stress. Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine secreting tumor causing hypertension and episodic symptoms. Biochemical testing and imaging guide localization and treatment.

Clinical Relevance

Adrenal disorders include Cushing syndrome Addison disease hyperaldosteronism and tumors. CT MRI and functional imaging localize lesions and guide surgical management. Hormonal evaluation complements imaging for diagnosis.