Tag Archives: arthritis

Hand PA
4
Feb

Overview

The PA hand radiograph evaluates phalanges metacarpals and carpometacarpal joints for fractures and arthritis. The palm is placed flat on the detector with fingers extended. This view is standard for hand trauma and chronic disease assessment.

Technique

Center the detector to the third metacarpal and ensure fingers are parallel and separated slightly. Use appropriate exposure and immobilize the hand to reduce motion. Include the distal forearm when indicated for wrist pathology.

Clinical Indications

PA hand is indicated for trauma deformity and suspected infection or arthritis. It helps detect fractures dislocations and erosive changes. Additional oblique and lateral views provide complementary information.

Image Assessment

Evaluate cortical continuity joint spaces and alignment of the metacarpals and phalanges. Look for subluxation and periarticular erosions in inflammatory disease. Document findings relevant to surgical or conservative management.

Joints and Synovium
4
Feb

Overview

Joints enable movement and bear load with articular cartilage synovial fluid and a fibrous capsule providing lubrication and stability. Synovium produces synovial fluid and can become inflamed in arthritic conditions. Joint biomechanics depend on congruity soft tissue support and neuromuscular control.

Synovial Joint Types

Synovial joints include hinge pivot ball and socket and plane joints each permitting characteristic motions. Ligaments tendons and muscles coordinate to maintain stability and function. Cartilage and fluid minimize friction and distribute load.

Synovitis and Effusion

Inflammation of the synovium leads to pain swelling and reduced mobility and can be seen in inflammatory arthritis and infection. Joint effusions alter biomechanics and may require aspiration for diagnosis and relief. Imaging ultrasound and MRI detect synovial thickening and effusion.

Clinical Relevance

Arthritis trauma and instability affect joint health and quality of life. Imaging guides diagnosis staging and intervention including arthroscopy and joint replacement. Early management preserves function and reduces disability.