Overview

Three dimensional reconstructions and four dimensional time resolved imaging enhance interpretation surgical planning and patient communication by providing intuitive views.

Technique

Maximum intensity projection volume rendering multiplanar reformation and cinematic rendering are common tools. Four dimensional adds temporal dynamics for cardiac and perfusion studies.

Clinical Uses

Preoperative planning vascular mapping cardiac function assessment and tumor volumetrics.

Limitations and Safety

Postprocessing requires validated software and trained personnel. Avoid overreliance on rendered images without source data review.