Overview

The olfactory system detects airborne chemicals and conveys smell information to the brain. Olfactory receptors in the nasal mucosa project via the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb and higher cortical centers. Olfaction influences taste memory and behavior.

Nasal Anatomy

The nasal cavity conditions inspired air and houses olfactory epithelium in the superior recess. Turbinates increase surface area and support mucosal function. Structural obstruction and inflammation impair olfaction and sinonasal health.

Central Olfactory Pathways

Olfactory bulb and tract relay signals to limbic and cortical regions for perception and emotional association. Central processing integrates olfactory input with memory and taste. Imaging evaluates sinonasal disease and central lesions affecting smell.

Clinical Relevance

Anosmia hyposmia and parosmia result from sinonasal disease viral injury and neurodegeneration. Endoscopic evaluation imaging and olfactory testing guide diagnosis and management. Olfactory dysfunction impacts nutrition safety and quality of life.