Overview

The peripheral nervous system transmits motor sensory and autonomic signals between the central nervous system and the body. It includes cranial nerves spinal nerve roots plexuses and peripheral nerves with mixed fiber types. Peripheral nerve health is essential for sensation movement and autonomic regulation.

Nerve Structure

Peripheral nerves contain axons bundled into fascicles with supporting Schwann cells and connective tissue sheaths. Myelination speeds conduction and injury disrupts signal transmission. Nerve regeneration capacity varies with injury severity and location.

Plexuses and Major Nerves

Brachial and lumbosacral plexuses supply upper and lower limbs respectively while cranial nerves mediate head and neck functions. Entrapment neuropathies and traumatic injuries impair function and cause pain. Electrodiagnostic testing and imaging localize lesions.

Clinical Relevance

Peripheral neuropathies arise from metabolic toxic inflammatory and compressive causes. Ultrasound MRI and nerve conduction studies guide diagnosis and surgical planning. Rehabilitation and targeted interventions improve recovery and function.