Overview

The oral cavity initiates digestion speech and airway protection and contains teeth tongue and salivary glands. Saliva aids digestion and oral hygiene while teeth and alveolar bone support mastication. Oral mucosa and lymphatics reflect systemic and local disease.

Teeth and Periodontium

Teeth consist of enamel dentin pulp and root structures anchored in alveolar bone by periodontal ligaments. Dental caries periodontal disease and trauma affect oral health and systemic inflammation. Dental imaging includes radiographs and cone beam CT for planning.

Salivary Glands

Major salivary glands include parotid submandibular and sublingual glands producing saliva for digestion and lubrication. Ductal obstruction infection and neoplasms affect gland function. Ultrasound and MRI evaluate glandular pathology.

Clinical Relevance

Oral cancers infections and salivary gland disorders require multidisciplinary care. Imaging and biopsy guide diagnosis staging and surgical planning. Oral health impacts nutrition systemic disease and quality of life.