Overview
The thoracic cage protects intrathoracic organs and supports respiration with the diaphragm as the primary muscle of inspiration. Ribs sternum and costal cartilages form a flexible protective enclosure while intercostal muscles assist ventilation. Diaphragmatic motion drives tidal breathing and separates thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Rib and Sternum Anatomy
Ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae and sternum providing structural support and protection. Fractures and deformities affect respiratory mechanics and pain. Radiography and CT evaluate osseous injury and chest wall pathology.
Diaphragm Function
The diaphragm contracts to increase thoracic volume and lower intrathoracic pressure facilitating inspiration. Diaphragmatic paralysis hernia and eventration impair ventilation and may require surgical or supportive management. Ultrasound and fluoroscopy assess diaphragmatic motion.
Clinical Relevance
Thoracic cage trauma and diaphragmatic dysfunction impact respiratory function and require imaging and multidisciplinary care. Rib fractures flail chest and diaphragmatic rupture are critical conditions in trauma. Supportive care analgesia and surgical repair restore function.