Overview
Urologists diagnose and treat kidney bladder prostate and male reproductive disorders using medical therapy endoscopic and open or minimally invasive surgery. The specialty includes management of stones, malignancies, urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Coordination with oncology and nephrology is common for complex cases.
Clinical Practice
Care includes outpatient evaluation of hematuria urinary symptoms and erectile dysfunction and inpatient management of obstructive uropathy and trauma. Endourology and minimally invasive techniques reduce morbidity and shorten recovery. Long term surveillance is important for cancer and reconstructive patients.
Procedures and Tools
Common procedures include cystoscopy prostate biopsy TURP ureteroscopy and robotic assisted prostatectomy and nephrectomy. Imaging such as CT urography ultrasound and MRI guide diagnosis and operative planning. Stone management and urinary diversion require multidisciplinary support.
Training and Roles
Urologists complete surgical training and urology residency and may subspecialize in oncology pediatric urology or female pelvic medicine. Certification and procedural volume maintain competence. Advanced practice providers extend clinic capacity and perioperative care.