Overview
The respiratory system enables gas exchange between the environment and the bloodstream. It includes the nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi and lungs with alveolar units. Ventilation perfusion matching is critical for oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal.
Upper Airway
The nose and pharynx filter warm and humidify inspired air. The larynx protects the airway and facilitates phonation. Upper airway patency affects breathing and sleep related disorders.
Lower Airway and Lungs
The trachea divides into bronchi and bronchioles terminating in alveoli for gas exchange. Pulmonary circulation delivers blood for oxygenation and removes carbon dioxide. Surfactant and alveolar architecture maintain lung compliance and surface area.
Clinical Relevance
Respiratory diseases include pneumonia COPD asthma and pulmonary embolism. Imaging such as chest radiography CT and ultrasound aid diagnosis and guide therapy. Pulmonary function testing complements imaging for functional assessment.