Overview
The gastrointestinal system processes ingested food absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste. It includes the oral cavity esophagus stomach small and large intestines and accessory organs such as the liver pancreas and gallbladder. Coordinated motility secretion and absorption maintain nutritional status.
Upper GI Tract
The oral cavity and esophagus initiate digestion and transport food to the stomach. The stomach mixes food with acid and enzymes to begin protein digestion. Imaging and endoscopy evaluate structural and mucosal disorders.
Lower GI Tract
The small intestine absorbs nutrients while the large intestine reclaims water and forms stool. The colon hosts microbiota that influence metabolism and immunity. Disorders include inflammatory bowel disease diverticulitis and colorectal neoplasia.
Clinical Relevance
GI imaging includes radiography CT MRI ultrasound and endoscopy for diagnosis and intervention. Liver and pancreatic imaging assess focal and diffuse disease and guide therapy. Early detection of malignancy and inflammatory conditions improves prognosis.