Overview
The renal system filters blood forms urine and maintains fluid electrolyte and acid base balance. Kidneys receive high blood flow and perform filtration secretion and reabsorption across nephrons. Urine drains via ureters to the bladder for storage and elimination.
Kidney Structure
Each kidney contains cortex and medulla with nephrons as functional units. Glomeruli filter plasma and tubules modify filtrate to form urine. Renal vasculature and collecting systems support excretory function.
Urinary Tract
Ureters transport urine to the bladder and the bladder stores urine until micturition. The urethra conveys urine out of the body and differs anatomically between sexes. Obstruction infection and stones affect urinary flow and function.
Clinical Relevance
Renal imaging includes ultrasound CT and nuclear studies for stones masses and functional assessment. Acute kidney injury chronic kidney disease and urinary tract infections are common clinical problems. Timely diagnosis and management preserve renal function.