Biblical Radiology and XRF Analysis of the Ketef Hinnom Silver Amulets

Metal Composition

XRF revealed a silver alloy with trace elements consistent with ancient Near Eastern metallurgy. The composition matched known silver sources from the region.

Inscription Preservation

The analysis helped identify corrosion layers and distinguish between original engraving and later surface damage. This supported the authenticity of the priestly blessing inscription.

Manufacturing Techniques

XRF data showed variations in alloy composition across the amulets, suggesting multiple production stages. These findings helped reconstruct ancient metalworking practices.

Historical Significance

The amulets contain the earliest known biblical text. XRF analysis provided scientific support for their dating and cultural context.

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Biblical Radiology and XRF Analysis of the Ketef Hinnom Silver Amulets