Biblical Radiology and Micro CT Study of Bullae from the City of David

Internal Layer Structure

Micro CT scanning allowed researchers to examine the internal structure of clay bullae without breaking them open. The scans revealed multiple layers of clay, impressions from sealing cords, and density variations that indicated how the bullae were formed and applied. These internal features provided evidence for administrative practices in ancient Jerusalem.

Seal Impression Analysis

The scans captured fine details of seal impressions, including tool marks and pressure patterns. This helped identify individual seal users and distinguish between official and private seals. The internal impressions also revealed whether a seal had been reused or altered.

Administrative Context

Bullae were used to secure documents and containers. The internal cord impressions documented how items were tied and sealed. This provided insight into administrative procedures in the City of David during the Iron Age.

Preservation and Authentication

Micro CT allowed researchers to authenticate bullae by identifying ancient tool marks and distinguishing them from modern forgeries. The method preserved the artifacts while enabling detailed study.

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Biblical Radiology and Micro CT Study of Bullae from the City of David