Overview
3D printing converts imaging data into physical models that surgeons use for preoperative planning and simulation. Patient specific implants and cutting guides improve fit and reduce operative time. Collaboration between radiology engineering and surgical teams is essential for success.
Workflow
High quality segmentation from CT or MRI is the foundation for accurate models and requires validated software and trained staff. Quality control includes dimensional verification and sterilization compatibility for intraoperative use. Turnaround time and logistics must be integrated into surgical scheduling.
Clinical Impact
Printed models improve surgeon understanding of complex anatomy and can reduce operative time and blood loss in select cases. Custom implants and guides may improve functional outcomes and reduce revision rates. Evidence from comparative studies supports targeted use in complex reconstructions.
Regulatory and Cost Considerations
Custom implant production requires regulatory compliance and material biocompatibility testing. Cost effectiveness depends on case complexity and potential reductions in operative time and complications. Establish clear governance for clinical indications and vendor selection.