Overview
Pathology provides definitive diagnoses using histology cytology molecular assays and clinical laboratory testing to guide therapy. Pathologists interpret biopsies, surgical specimens and autopsies and oversee laboratory quality and safety. Subspecialties include surgical pathology hematopathology molecular pathology and forensic pathology.
Clinical Practice
Pathologists collaborate with clinicians to correlate laboratory and histologic findings with clinical context and to recommend further testing. They direct clinical laboratories performing hematology chemistry microbiology and molecular diagnostics. Pathology input is essential for cancer diagnosis, staging and personalized medicine.
Procedures and Tools
Procedures include tissue grossing, microscopic interpretation, immunohistochemistry and molecular sequencing. Tools include automated analyzers, digital pathology platforms and laboratory information systems that support test ordering and reporting. Quality control and proficiency testing ensure reliable results.
Training and Roles
Pathologists complete residency training in anatomic and clinical pathology and may pursue fellowships in subspecialty areas. They often serve as consultants for diagnostic dilemmas and participate in tumor boards and research. Laboratory scientists and histotechnologists are key allied professionals in pathology services.